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APIsBenchmarksv4.17.1

user info benchmark of zitadel v4.17.1

Benchmark results of the v4.17.1 release of Zitadel.

Performance test results

MetricValue
Baselinenone
PurposeTest current performance
Test start2026-08-27 18:11:39 UTC
Test end2026-08-27 18:41:40 UTC
Test duration30min
Executed testuser_info
k6 versionv2.1.0
VUs600
Client locationUS1
ZITADEL locationUS1
ZITADEL container specificationvCPU: 6
Memory: 6 Gi
Container min scale: 7
Container max scale: 7
ZITADEL Versionv4.17.1
ZITADEL SettingsEventstore autovacuum (new in v4.17): Enabled: true
VacuumThreshold: 1000000
AnalyzeThreshold: 1000000
Tuned for the ~4,000 events/s expected during the benchmark, per the tuning guide.
ZITADEL feature flagsEnabled: loginDefaultOrg (instance), oidcTokenExchange (system), enableBackChannelLogout (system), consoleUseV2UserApi (instance)
improvedPerformance (instance): IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_PROJECT_GRANT, IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_PROJECT, IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_USER_GRANT, IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_ORG_DOMAIN_VERIFIED
Disabled: loginV2 (explicitly false at instance), userSchema, debugOidcParentError, oidcSingleV1SessionTermination, permissionCheckV2
Captured from the instance before the run (sequence 7, set 2026-08-27 13:35:31 UTC); the same capture covers manipulate_user at 13:41 and the rest of the sweep from 14:56, so all eleven targets ran the same configuration.
This restores like-for-like comparison with the v4 pages, which ran five improvedPerformance options. The fifth, IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_ORG_BY_ID, is reserved in the proto and no longer exists.
Databasetype: psql
version: v17.4
Database locationUS1
Database specificationvCPU: 8
memory: 32Gib
ZITADEL metrics during testCPU: p50 26%, p99 42% (peak 44%)
Memory: p50 6%, peak 14%
Instances: 7 (constant), no container startups recorded
Server-side: 3,303 req/s, latency p50 16ms / p95 939ms / p99 1.1s
Observed errors66 of 5,800,788 requests failed (0.00%): 1x connection reset, 65x not individually logged (see k6 output). 66 of 5,800,793 checks failed (0.00%): userinfo status ok (65 failed), org removed (1 failed)
Top 3 most expensive database queries1: Push events (eventstore.push) (3,583 s)
2: Query events by instance_id, aggregate_types, event_types, position (paged) (3,576 s)
3: Load user with primary login name and human profile (2,149 s)
Ranked by total accumulated execution time summed across concurrent sessions (Cloud SQL Query Insights) — not CPU time; it can exceed the wall-clock window.
Database metrics during testCPU: 96% median, 97% peak
Memory: 40%
Connections: 46
Transactions: 16,545/s
IOPS: read 0, write 12
CPU-saturated — the bottleneck for this target.
k6 Iterations per second3217
k6 outputoutput
flowchart outcomeScale. Database CPU is the limit: 96% median against ZITADEL at 26%, with advisory lock wait only 15% of the top-5 query time. Raising the database beyond 8 vCPU is the next step, and throughput should be re-measured against the increase.

Endpoint latencies

k6 output

  █ TOTAL RESULTS

    checks_total.......: 5800793 3217.417923/s
    checks_succeeded...: 99.99%  5800727 out of 5800793
    checks_failed......: 0.00%   66 out of 5800793

    ✓ user defined
    ✓ authorize status ok
    ✓ login name status ok
    ✓ login shows password page
    ✓ password status ok
    ✓ password callback
    ✓ code set
    ✓ token status ok
    ✓ access token created
    ✓ id token created
    ✓ info created
    ✓ org created
    ✓ create user is status ok
    ✓ openid configuration
    ✗ userinfo status ok
      ↳  99% — ✓ 5800103 / ✗ 65
    ✗ org removed
      ↳  0% — ✓ 0 / ✗ 1

    CUSTOM
    login_ui_enter_login_name_duration...: min=118.36ms avg=118.43ms max=118.51ms p(50)=118.43ms p(95)=118.5ms  p(99)=118.51ms
    login_ui_enter_password_duration.....: min=21.98ms  avg=243.15ms max=464.31ms p(50)=243.15ms p(95)=442.2ms  p(99)=459.89ms
    login_ui_init_login_duration.........: min=78.54ms  avg=81.56ms  max=84.59ms  p(50)=81.56ms  p(95)=84.29ms  p(99)=84.53ms
    login_ui_token_duration..............: min=75.08ms  avg=88.39ms  max=101.7ms  p(50)=88.39ms  p(95)=100.37ms p(99)=101.44ms
    oidc_user_info_duration..............: min=1.77ms   avg=185.96ms max=3.47s    p(50)=29.32ms  p(95)=942.89ms p(99)=1.13s
    org_create_org_duration..............: min=52.63ms  avg=52.63ms  max=52.63ms  p(50)=52.63ms  p(95)=52.63ms  p(99)=52.63ms
    user_create_human_duration...........: min=364.77ms avg=364.77ms max=364.77ms p(50)=364.77ms p(95)=364.77ms p(99)=364.77ms

    HTTP
    http_req_duration....................: min=1.77ms   avg=185.95ms max=3.47s    p(50)=29.32ms  p(95)=942.88ms p(99)=1.13s
      { expected_response:true }.........: min=4.1ms    avg=185.93ms max=3.47s    p(50)=29.32ms  p(95)=942.85ms p(99)=1.13s
    http_req_failed......................: 0.00%   66 out of 5800788
    http_reqs............................: 5800788 3217.41515/s

    EXECUTION
    iteration_duration...................: min=2ms      avg=186.18ms max=3.47s    p(50)=29.51ms  p(95)=943.09ms p(99)=1.13s
    iterations...........................: 5800168 3217.071266/s
    vus..................................: 600     min=0             max=600
    vus_max..............................: 600     min=600           max=600

    NETWORK
    data_received........................: 4.0 GB  2.2 MB/s
    data_sent............................: 458 MB  254 kB/s

running (30m02.9s), 000/600 VUs, 5800168 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default ✓ [ 100% ] 600 VUs  30m0s

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