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APIsBenchmarksv4.17.1

user info benchmark of zitadel v4.17.1

Benchmark results of the v4.17.1 release of Zitadel.

Performance test results

MetricValue
Baselinenone
PurposeTest current performance
Test start2026-08-27 18:11:39 UTC
Test end2026-08-27 18:41:40 UTC
Test duration30min
Executed testuser_info
k6 versionv2.1.0
VUs600
Client locationUS1
ZITADEL locationUS1
ZITADEL container specificationvCPU: 6
Memory: 6 Gi
Container min scale: 7
Container max scale: 7
ZITADEL Versionv4.17.1
ZITADEL SettingsEventstore autovacuum (new in v4.17): Enabled: true
VacuumThreshold: 1000000
AnalyzeThreshold: 1000000
Tuned for the ~4,000 events/s expected during the benchmark, per the tuning guide.
ZITADEL feature flagsEnabled: loginDefaultOrg (instance), oidcTokenExchange (system), enableBackChannelLogout (system), consoleUseV2UserApi (instance)
improvedPerformance (instance): IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_PROJECT_GRANT, IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_PROJECT, IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_USER_GRANT, IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_ORG_DOMAIN_VERIFIED
Disabled: loginV2 (explicitly false at instance), userSchema, debugOidcParentError, oidcSingleV1SessionTermination, permissionCheckV2
Captured from the instance before the run (sequence 7, set 2026-08-27 13:35:31 UTC); the same capture covers manipulate_user at 13:41 and the rest of the sweep from 14:56, so all eleven targets ran the same configuration.
This restores like-for-like comparison with the v4 pages, which ran five improvedPerformance options. The fifth, IMPROVED_PERFORMANCE_ORG_BY_ID, is reserved in the proto and no longer exists.
Databasetype: psql
version: v17.4
Database locationUS1
Database specificationvCPU: 8
memory: 32Gib
ZITADEL metrics during testCPU: p50 26%, p99 42% (peak 44%)
Memory: p50 6%, peak 14%
Instances: 7 (constant), no container startups recorded
Server-side: 3,303 req/s, latency p50 16ms / p95 939ms / p99 1.1s
Observed errors66 of 5,800,788 requests failed (0.00%): 1x connection reset, 65x not individually logged (see k6 output). 66 of 5,800,793 checks failed (0.00%): userinfo status ok (65 failed), org removed (1 failed)
Top 3 most expensive database queries1: Push events (eventstore.push) (3,583 s)
2: Query events by instance_id, aggregate_types, event_types, position (paged) (3,576 s)
3: Load user with primary login name and human profile (2,149 s)
Ranked by total accumulated execution time summed across concurrent sessions (Cloud SQL Query Insights) — not CPU time; it can exceed the wall-clock window.
Database metrics during testCPU: 96% median, 97% peak
Memory: 40%
Connections: 46
Transactions: 16,545/s
IOPS: read 0, write 12
CPU-saturated — the bottleneck for this target.
k6 Iterations per second3217
k6 outputoutput
flowchart outcomeScale. Database CPU is the limit: 96% median against ZITADEL at 26%, with advisory lock wait only 15% of the top-5 query time. Raising the database beyond 8 vCPU is the next step, and throughput should be re-measured against the increase.

Endpoint latencies

k6 output

 TOTAL RESULTS

    checks_total.......: 5800793 3217.417923/s
    checks_succeeded...: 99.99%  5800727 out of 5800793
    checks_failed......: 0.00%   66 out of 5800793

 user defined
 authorize status ok
 login name status ok
 login shows password page
 password status ok
 password callback
 code set
 token status ok
 access token created
 id token created
 info created
 org created
 create user is status ok
 openid configuration
 userinfo status ok
  99% 5800103 / 65
 org removed
  0% 0 / 1

    CUSTOM
    login_ui_enter_login_name_duration...: min=118.36ms avg=118.43ms max=118.51ms p(50)=118.43ms p(95)=118.5ms  p(99)=118.51ms
    login_ui_enter_password_duration.....: min=21.98ms  avg=243.15ms max=464.31ms p(50)=243.15ms p(95)=442.2ms  p(99)=459.89ms
    login_ui_init_login_duration.........: min=78.54ms  avg=81.56ms  max=84.59ms  p(50)=81.56ms  p(95)=84.29ms  p(99)=84.53ms
    login_ui_token_duration..............: min=75.08ms  avg=88.39ms  max=101.7ms  p(50)=88.39ms  p(95)=100.37ms p(99)=101.44ms
    oidc_user_info_duration..............: min=1.77ms   avg=185.96ms max=3.47s    p(50)=29.32ms  p(95)=942.89ms p(99)=1.13s
    org_create_org_duration..............: min=52.63ms  avg=52.63ms  max=52.63ms  p(50)=52.63ms  p(95)=52.63ms  p(99)=52.63ms
    user_create_human_duration...........: min=364.77ms avg=364.77ms max=364.77ms p(50)=364.77ms p(95)=364.77ms p(99)=364.77ms

    HTTP
    http_req_duration....................: min=1.77ms   avg=185.95ms max=3.47s    p(50)=29.32ms  p(95)=942.88ms p(99)=1.13s
      { expected_response:true }.........: min=4.1ms    avg=185.93ms max=3.47s    p(50)=29.32ms  p(95)=942.85ms p(99)=1.13s
    http_req_failed......................: 0.00%   66 out of 5800788
    http_reqs............................: 5800788 3217.41515/s

    EXECUTION
    iteration_duration...................: min=2ms      avg=186.18ms max=3.47s    p(50)=29.51ms  p(95)=943.09ms p(99)=1.13s
    iterations...........................: 5800168 3217.071266/s
    vus..................................: 600     min=0             max=600
    vus_max..............................: 600     min=600           max=600

    NETWORK
    data_received........................: 4.0 GB  2.2 MB/s
    data_sent............................: 458 MB  254 kB/s

running (30m02.9s), 000/600 VUs, 5800168 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default [ 100% ] 600 VUs  30m0s

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